ABSTRACT
With destinations steadily ‘opening back up for business' (while COVID-19 cases are still high in many areas), there is an increasing need to consider residents. Integrating the cognitive appraisal theory and the affect theory of exchange, this work tests a structural model examining the degree to which residents' perceptions of COVID-19 precautionary measures explain emotions directed toward visitors, and ultimately their willingness to engage in shared behaviors with tourists. Data were collected from 530 residents in 25 U.S. counties with the highest percentages of historical COVID-19 cases per population. A total of 10 of the 12 tested hypotheses were significant, contributing to 60% and 85% of the variance explained in contending and accommodating emotions, and 53% and 50% of the variance explained in engaging in less intimate–distal and more intimate–proximal behaviors with tourists. The implications highlight the complementary use of the two frameworks in explaining residents' preference for engagement in less intimate–distal interactions with tourists.
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Mangrove tourism is one of the tourist destinations offered by tourism managers that is currently gaining popularity and popularity among tourists. Keeping tourists coming back can be a very effective strategy for developing tourist destinations. This study employs Experiential Marketing as a strategy to increase tourist interest. Because research in the field of experiential marketing in nature tourism destinations such as mangrove tourism is still limited, the topics of this study are experiential marketing and visitor visit intention. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of strategic experiential modules (SEMs) on visitor revisits intention. The research method used is quantitative with the variable dimensions of SEMs and visitor revisits intention, a sample of 93 tourists with a purposive sampling technique, and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the sense, act, and relate variables had a positive and significant impact on the visitor revisits intention, while the feel variable had a positive but not significant impact, and the think variable had a negative but not significant impact on the visitor revisits intention.
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The purpose of this article is to compare the number of tourists during different periods over the years, the management of tourist capacities with a focus on the increase or decrease of tourists compared to recent years. The paper was prepared using the quantitative method with secondary data based on (Kosovo Statistical Agency) processed in SPSS program. The research includes 14 different countries from which foreign tourists came for 2017 2018 2019. In 2017, 138,657 foreign tourists visited Kosovo, 165, 281 in 2018, and 154, 507 in 2019 (total 485, 445 tourists), the growth trend is presented in the analysis results. Initially the latest data released by (Kosovo Statistical Agency) were researched and analyzed and the number of foreign and domestic tourists by countries of different countries and regions in Kosovo was analyzed, focusing on capacities Hoteliers by type of accommodation. The results revealed that over the years the number of tourists has increased based on the methods used to measure the growth trend.
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The popularity of Petra, Jordan, as a tourist destination has surged among international visitors since the 1980s. This has led to the tourism sector's emergence as a major source of income for indigenous communities living adjacent to the ancient city's ruins. Rapidly expanding visitor numbers and business activity-both licensed and unlicensed-exposed the need for government to play an active role in organizing Petra's tourism industry. Drawing upon a thematic analysis of interviews I conducted in three tourism-reliant, tribal communities in Petra's vicinity in 2022, this case study examines relations between the Petra Development and Tourism Region Authority (PDTRA) and indigenous stakeholders in the local economy. Focusing on the period extending from 2019-just before the COVID-19 pandemic's onset-to 2022, I explore local perspectives towards PDTRA policies impacting indigenous work in the tourism sector. I find that legality, size, and internal organization of stakeholder groups affect their capacity to influence political decisions that impact their lives and livelihoods.
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This is the first study to examine the differential impact of Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty indices while controlling for the real effective exchange rate and industrial production on international tourist arrivals for the seven coastal counties of Croatia and the country as a whole. The Toda-Yamamoto long-run causality modeling approach with a Fourier approximation is employed to capture structural shifts. This approach is particularly useful in light of the disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector. The results show unidirectional causality from both Croatian and European economic policy uncertainty indices to international tourist arrivals with the impact of the economic policy uncertainty indices negative and statistically significant across the respective coastal counties. Moreover, the findings show that European economic policy uncertainty exhibits a greater adverse impact on international tourist arrivals relative to Croatian economic policy uncertainty.
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The earthquake disaster has an impact on tourist visit intention. This study aims to investigate tourist behavior in the post-earthquake disaster linkage between information sources (word of mouth and electronic word of mouth) and risk perception toward tourists' visit intentions to a destination in Indonesia. This study applies the SOR theory to predict tourists' behavior in the destination aftermath. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model was used to examine the hypothesis of the study. The result found that information sources (electronic word of mouth and word of mouth) significantly influenced visit intention in the time of post-earthquake disaster. The risk perception has not significantly influenced visit intention in post-earthquake disasters. The discussion and conclusion of the study are discussed herein. Overall, the findings of the study may contribute to the theory by adding information sources to predict tourist behavior post-earthquake disaster and also gives a practical contribution to the tourism sector, stakeholders, tourism marketers, and policymakers in Indonesia to enhance the marketing strategy by considering destination promotion through word of mouth (offline) and electronic word of mouth (online) and its mechanism on tourists' travel decision in the time of aftermath.
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With the changes in consumer profile, especially in tourism activity, facing the issues brought by globalization, greater access to and use of Technologies, and more recently, the restrictions imposed by the protocols to prevent contamination by the Covid-19 virus and its consequences, it has been necessary to change the way of experiencing tourism, leading the market to adapt to the new reality. Thus, the incentive to implement so-called Proximity Tourism has gathered strength, prompting the following research question: how has this type of tourism been addressed and how have the cities of the Brazilian Northeast have been working with this theme to promote their potential on the social network platform Instagram? The main objective of this study was to perform an observational analysis of what is being posted on this social network concerning proximity tourism, by investigating the use of the hashtag #turismodeproximity, and whether the cities of the Northeast of Brazil are using this Instagram tool. As the result of this research, it was found that of the total posts indexed with this hashtag, only a small number are directly related to this region, indicating a lack of dissemination, and consequently, failure to generate greater visibility for this tourism modality.
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Understanding what factors play a role in people's decisions to travel during a pandemic is important to public health officials and to stakeholders in the travel and tourism industry in the United States (US) and worldwide. This study examines factors influencing people's decisions to cancel/postpone recreational travel within the US amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Our conceptual framework extends the Expected Utility model, commonly used in economics to model decisions under risk and uncertainty, to incorporate subjective norms and perceived behavioral control from the Theory of Planned Behavior. Our results suggest that risk perceptions, subjective norms, and concerns over transmitting COVID-19 to others play a significant role in the decision to cancel and postpone recreational travel. Results also suggest that perceived behavioral control may be less relevant to travel decisions when traveling involves elevated health risks.
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This paper examines whether destination cards can simultaneously serve tourists' needs and sustainability goals. It provides useful insights for tourism authorities and policymakers in designing a smart tourist card that meets the needs of tourists while preserving and supporting areas' wellbeing. Taking Thessaloniki city as a case study, a tourist survey, designed based on the key features of European destination cards, was implemented to identify needs and motivations. Interesting insight was revealed: tourists want to self-explore the city, are coming with their families, are history-lovers and gastronomy-keen, and are strongly willing to be provided with a destination card offering unlimited access to public transport. The latter reveals an opportunity for the city;the tourists are willing to use sustainable mobility options, which means that a base of sustainable travelling exists. The proposed Thessaloniki smart card can bring together tourists' needs with the city's sustainability goals;the development of tourist packages, including sustainable mobility provisions, walking-talking tours, and bike rentals, should be the backbone of the card. The next challenge for the city is to build a cooperation network to support this smart destination card implementation and promotion.
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The number of inbound tourists in Japan has been increasing steadily in recent years. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of inbound tourists decreased in 2020. This is particularly worrisome for Japan, as the number of inbound tourists is expected to reach 60 million per year by 2030. In order to help Japan's tourism industry to recover from the pandemic, we propose a method of identifying elements that attract the attention of inbound tourists (focus points) by analyzing reviews on tourist sites. We focus on Hokkaido, a popular area in Japan for tourists from China. Our proposed method extracts high-frequency n-gram patterns from reviews written by Chinese inbound tourists, showing which aspects are mentioned most often. We then use seven types of motivational factors for tourists and principal component analysis to quantify the focus points of each tourist destination. Finally, we estimate the focus points by clustering the n-gram patterns extracted from the tourists' reviews. The results show that our method successfully identifies the features and focus points of each tourist spot.
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Following the rapid scientific and technological development in this new era of global industrial transformation, the tourism industry has overcome the severe challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic by taking advantage of new development opportunities. Digital technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and fifth-generation mobile communications have released the huge potential for promoting the development of the high-quality cultural tourism integration. Scholars have explored the benefits of developing and improving the quality of cultural tourism integration in addition to how the digital economy can promote the development of cultural tourism integration. Most existing research has regarded the digital economy as a means to promote the development of cultural tourism integration;however, there is relatively little systematic research on the logical mechanism, transmission channels, and practical paths that enable the high-quality development of cultural tourism integration. Therefore, this paper systematically explores the logical mechanism, direct effects, and transmission mechanisms in the digital economy that promote the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration. The study findings open up the "black box"of developing high-quality cultural tourism integration and help to establish its scientific basis in the digital economy. Based on a systematic explanation of how the digital economy enables the high-quality development and transmission of cultural tourism integration through organizational, technological, and product innovation channels, this paper conducts empirical testing using 2011-2020 panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan of Chian) and obtains three main findings. First, the digital economy has a positive enabling effect on the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration, which has been verified in benchmark regression, instrumental variable regression, and robustness testing. Second, this enabling effect shows regional differences. For example, East China benefits from its relatively well-developed digital economy and can enjoy the dividends from its high-quality cultural tourism destinations. However, although West China has seen rapid growth in its digital economy, the region also shows a trend of increasing marginal effects from its enabling effect, while the digital economy's enabling trend in Central China still needs to be strengthened. Third, by constructing a transmission channel, that is, "digital economy-organization-technology-product innovation-developmental quality of cultural tourism integration", we find that the digital economy can positively promote the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration by regulating transmission channels for innovation, such as organizational, technological, and product innovation. According to the research conclusions, measures to promote the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration in the digital economy should be taken in the following four areas. First, local governments and cultural tourism departments should deepen their development strategies to integrate the digital economy with the real economy and systematically cultivate new drivers for the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration. Second, a digital cultural tourism platform should be built to optimize the value creation mechanism for the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration. Third, regional heterogeneity characteristics should be combined with the digital economy's enabling effect to implement a differentiated digital cultural tourism development strategy. Fourth, organizational, technological, and product innovation advantages should be cultivated to expand the transmission channels for the development of high-quality cultural tourism integration within the digital economy.
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The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous fear and uncertainty and affected health, economy, and social life in an unprecedented form worldwide. Yet, the level of knowledge on its economic implications is very limited. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to explain the health, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19. Because the tourism is one of the most affected industries by the pandemic, this study aims to explain the effects of COVID-19 cases and deaths, global fear, and government responses on Turkey's tourism industry. Empirical findings show that the tourism industry reacts negatively to new cases, number of deaths, and global fear measures. Also, government containment and health measures and economic supports positively affect the tourism industry. Furthermore, government stringency policies drive down the tourism industry's performance. The findings of this study provide significant implications for tourism and travel firms, policy makers, and future research.
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This study aims to make an investigation on the relationship between ecotourism motivation (EM), satisfaction (SA), place attachment (PA), and environmentally responsible behavior intention (ER) based on the analysis of camping tourism andstudy the mediating roles of SA and PA in the relationship between EM and ER. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 400 camping tourists who visited the Yunnan Province of China within the last year. The distribution of survey questionnaires range from 12 February 2023–24 February 2023. The results reveal that EM positively influences SA, PA, and ER, whereas, although SA positively impacts PA, it does not significantly affect ER. In contrast, PA positively affects ER. Furthermore, PA has a positive mediating impact on the relationship between EM and ER, whereas, SA does not significantly mediate this relationship. Finally, SA and PA act as chain mediators between EM and ER. The findings contribute to the tourism literature by shedding light on the complex relationships between EM, SA, PA, and ER in the context of camping tourism, thereby, enhancing tourist satisfaction and promoting environmentally responsible behavior, thus, contributing to the growth of a sustainable camping industry.
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Background: At seasonal tourist destinations like Shimla, rooms may remain vacant and unoccupied during lean periods. To add on, pandemic has already shut many small lodging facilities. Background: The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of how homestay activities can contribute to revitalize sustainable tourism trends in Shimla, the study assumes particular importance in a period of economic crisis characterized by post COVID trauma. Methodology: A survey was conducted in Shimla after first wave of corona virus from September 20 to December 20 as soon as the travel restrictions were uplifted. The travel and accommodation preferences of tourists were observed and found to be shifting towards less frequently visited places avoiding mass tourism. To highlight the role of homestays in reviving these tourism trends, three objectives were identified. Two separate questionnaires were developed to get the quantitative and qualitative data for this research. The data was tabulated and evaluated using SPSS tool. Results: The findings presented the analysed profile of the potential homestay operators as well as visitors seeking homestay tourism. It also reports the motivations, expectation and experience of the tourists regarding various aspects of homestay. Conclusion: Homestays can act as potential vital tool in reviving tourism.
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The cause of rural changes, in terms of demographic, technological developments, climate changes, and the Covid-19 pandemic potential to cause vulnerabilities, especially for women as individuals in household members. These must be responded with livelihood resilience by involving the women's role to contribute in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. This study aims to (1) describe the vulnerabilities of farmers' households and (2) analyze women's role in household resilience through the use of livelihood assets during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Gubugklakah village, Malang regency as a tourist village affected by the closure of TNBTS tourist visits due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This research used the simple random sampling technique, with total sample of 64 women farmers. Data were analyzed using WarpPLS software. The results showed that farmers' households experienced several vulnerabilities by that the households' livelihood assets: natural, physic, human, social and financial capital can be optimized to achieve a degree of resilience. The women's role in resilience efforts is as the core of the household, because all financial cycles involve housewives' role, such as reducing consumption expenditures, selling jewelry assets, taking savings, involving in farm worker, and others.
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Humans can be said to be social creatures who always cannot be separated from communicating with other humans. This study aims to determine the influence that can attract tourists to continue to visit and feel satisfied with the facilities provided. This research method is quantitative research, the type of data needed in this research is primary data and secondary data, the source of the data used in this study is by distributing questionnaires (questionnaires), the data collection technique used in this study is through the Likert scale. The results of the study show that this Jaddih Hill tour has utilized good electronic media, so that tourists are interested in visiting again besides tourists who visit have a sense of security and calm.
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Disasters and crises such as COVID-19 can have a negative effect on the images of tourism destinations. However, existing studies have mainly focused on the recovery of such images after crises;little research has examined the reasons for reversing the image of epidemic-resistant tourism destinations and their renewed popularity. This article investigates tourism destination image management in the context of epidemics. By means of the underdog effect, this paper examines the influence of two factors-the severity of an epidemic and degree of anti-epidemic efforts-on public willingness to travel following that epidemic;it does so through a pre-study and two formal experiments, and it investigates the mechanisms underlying the effect of those two factors on willingness to travel. The following findings emerged. First, public perceptions of tourism destinations' anti-epidemic efforts were mainly evident in four ways: government measures, social support, tourism labor actions, and destination residents' attitudes. Second, there was an interactive effect between the degree of tourism destinations' anti-epidemic efforts and the severity of the epidemic in tourism destinations: destinations with high epidemic severity received the same public support as those with low epidemic severity when they displayed a higher degree of anti-epidemic efforts. Third, public empathic responses played a mediating role in those processes. The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows. First, it enhances research on the recovery of tourism destination image in the context of disasters and crises;it proposes the novel idea of underdog image building as a way of reversing tourism destination image. Second, it expands theoretical research on the underdog effect in tourism: it shows that in the context of public health events such as epidemics, the underdog effect has its own conditions and time influences. Third, this study enriches research on tourists' emotions and feelings: it clarifies the important role of tourism destinations' efforts to deal with epidemics and reverse the negative impacts of an epidemic. This paper provides suggestions for reversing the negative image of tourism destinations and promoting positive emotions for marketing following public health emergencies. This study finds that tourism destinations should do the following. First, modify information related to an underdog state to promote the image of the destination. Second, fully utilize public emotional resources and promote emotional advantages. Third, prevent problems before they arise and improve the tourism public health system.
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PurposeAs the current Coronavirus 2019 pandemic eases, international tourism, which was greatly affected by the outbreak, is gradually recovering. The attraction of countries to overseas tourists is related to their overall performance in the pandemic. This research integrates the data of vaccination of different countries, border control policy and holidays to explore their differential impacts on the overseas tourists' intention during the pandemic. This is crucial for destinations to built their tourism resilience. It will also help countries and industry organizations to promote their own destinations to foreign tourism enterprises. Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes an analysis based on panel data for ten countries over 1,388 days. The coefficient of variation is used to measure monthly differences of Chinese tourists' intention to visit overseas country destinations. FindingsResults show that, for tourist intention of going abroad: border control of the destination country has a significant negative impact;daily new cases in the destination country have a significant negative impact;domestic daily new cases have a significant positive impact;holidays have significant negative impact;daily vaccination of the destination countries has significant positive impact;and domestic daily vaccination have negative significant impact. Research limitations/implicationsFirst, there is a large uncertainty in studying consumers' willingness to travel abroad in this particular period because of unnecessary travel abroad caused by the control of the epidemic. Second, there are limitations in studying only Chinese tourists, and future research should be geared toward a broader range of research pairs. Practical implicationsFirst, from the government perspective, a humane response can earn the respect and trust of tourists. Second, for tourism industry, to encourage the public take vaccine would be beneficial for both the tourism destination and foreign tourism companies. The same effect can be achieved by helping tourists who are troubled by border control. Social implicationsFirst, this research provides suggestions for the government and the tourism industry to deal with such a crisis in the future. Second, this study found that vaccination has a direct impact on tourism. This provides a basis for improving people's willingness to vaccinate. Thirdly, this study proves suggestion for the destinations to build tourism resilience. Originality/valueThis study analyzes the unique control measures and vaccination in different countries during the pandemic, then provides suggestions for the tourism industry to prepare for the upcoming postpandemic tourism recovery. This study is valuable for improving the economic resilience of tourism destinations. Additionally, it helps to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different restrain policies around the world.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the tourism industry in Bali, leading to a decline in tourist visits. To address this issue, efforts have been made to restore tourism by building the intention of tourists to revisit the island. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence tourists' revisit intentions, with a specific focus on the impact of electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM) and travel experience, and the mediating role of destination image. The study targeted domestic tourists who had visited Bali, and a sample of 250 respondents was selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through the distribution of questionnaires, and the analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique with the SmartPLS tool. The study revealed that E-WOM had no significant influence on the intention to revisit, while travel experience had a positive and significant effect on the intention to revisit. The image of the destination also had a positive and significant impact on tourists' revisit intentions. Additionally, E-WOM and travel experiences positively affected the destination image. The study also found that the destination image partially mediated the influence of E-WOM and tourist experience on the intention to revisit. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the factors that affect tourists' revisit intentions and can be used to develop effective strategies for restoring the tourism industry in Bali. The study highlights the importance of providing high-quality travel experiences and promoting a positive destination image to encourage tourists to revisit Bali. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need to carefully consider the role of E-WOM in promoting tourism and suggests that it may not always have a significant impact on tourists' revisit intentions. Overall, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on tourism marketing and provides practical recommendations for tourism practitioners and policymakers.
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One of the most important sectors of tourism globally is cruise tourism, as is giving a leisure experience to cruisers who are traveling across different destinations. It is also one of the most growing sectors in the tourism industry as is becoming increasingly popular. In this review study, conducted employing thematic analysis and thematic synthesis, the authors aim to approach the COVID-19 crisis era financial investments of dominant cruise companies as a component of global economic growth. Nowadays, the cruise industry operates big cruise ships as is contrary to the cruise industry back in 1960s. This study finds that the biggest cruise companies line up investment plans to renew their cruise fleet with larger, more modern, and environmentally friendly ships, borrowing from favorable financing sources. In other words, the companies are trying to introduce specific strategies to maintain their business growth, by investing in building new vessels with the target of expanding their current fleet with cruise ships with better capacity.